A small mass in the eyelid caused by a blockage of a tiny oil gland in the eyelid.

Alternative Names

Meibomian gland lipogranuloma

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

A chalazion develops within Meibomian glands of the eyelid. It is caused by obstruction of the Meibomian gland duct. The Meibomian glands are sebaceous glands -- they produce oils which form the surface of the tear film. It begins as diffuse swelling and tenderness and later forms a cyst-like localized swelling . Many chalazia disappear without treatment after a few months.

Signs and tests

Examination of eyelid confirms the diagnosis. Rarely, the Meibomian gland duct can be block by a skin cancer. If this is suspected a biopsy may be needed.

Treatment

The primary treatment is application of warm compresses for 10-15 minutes at least 4 times a day. This may soften the hardened oils blocking the duct and promote drainage and healing. Chalazia will often disappear without treatment in a month. If one continues to enlarge, it may need to be surgically removed using local anesthesia. This is usually done from underneath the eyelid to avoid a scar on the skin. Antibiotic eye drops are usually used several days before and after removal of the cyst , but are otherwise of little value in treating a chalazion. A persistent chalazion should be biopsied to rule out tumor .

Expectations (prognosis)

Chalazia usually heal on their own. The outcome with treatment is usually excellent.

Complications

A large chalazion can cause astigmatism from pressure on the cornea. This will resolve with resolution of the chalazion.

Calling your health care provider

Apply warm compresses and call your health care provider if the swelling progresses or persists longer than one month. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if lumps on the eyelid continue to enlarge despite treatment or are associated with an area of eyelash loss.

Prevention

Proper cleansing of the eyelid for those predisposed to chalazia may prevent recurrences.