An omphalocele involves herniation (displacement) of the intestine or other abdominal contents through the umbilical root, which is covered only by peritoneum (the abdominal membrane) rather than skin.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

An omphalocele is a relatively frequent abnormality of the newborn that occurs in approximately 1 in 5,000 births. If this condition is present, the intestines can be easily seen through the translucent peritoneal membrane. Significant associated birth defects occur in approximately 25-40% of infants with an omphalocele, and they include genetic problems (chromosomal abnormalities), congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and heart defects.

Signs and tests

Prenatal ultrasounds often identify infants with an omphalocele before birth. Otherwise, Physical examination of the infant is sufficient for your health care provider to diagnose this condition. Testing is usually not necessary.

Treatment

Omphaloceles are surgically repaired, although not always immediately. The sac protects the abdominal contents and allows time for other more serious problems (such as heart defects) to be dealt with first, if neccessary. To fix an omphalocele, the sac is covered with a special silo, which is then stiched in place. Slowly over time the volume of the silo is decreased and the abdominal contents are pushed into the abdomen. When the omphalocele can comfortably fit within the abdominal cavity, the synthetic material is removed and the abdomen is closed.

Expectations (prognosis)

Complete recovery is expected. Frequently, omphalocele can be associated with other birth defects, and the prognosis then depends on these conditions.

Complications

Calling your health care provider

This problem is diagnosed and repaired in the hospital at birth. After returning home, call your health care provider if the infant develops any of these symptoms: