An inflammation of the foreskin and head of the penis .
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Balanitis is usually caused by poor hygiene in uncircumcised men. Bacterial, fungal, viral, or non-infectious inflammation may occur. Exposure to caustic soaps or failure to properly rinse soap off while bathing can also result in inflammation. Several other diseases, including Reiter's syndrome and lichen sclerosis et atrophicus can also produce balanitis.
Signs and tests
Your dermatologist or urologist may be able to diagnosis the cause of your balanitis by examination alone. Additional tests, such as skin culture for viruses, fungi, or bacteria, are often needed, however. Occasionally, a skin biopsy is required.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of the balanitis. For example, infectious balanitis may be treated with topical or oral antibiotics. Some balanitis which occurs in association with skin diseases may respond to topical steroid creams. In severe cases, circumcision may be the best option.
Expectations (prognosis)
Most cases of balanitis can be controlled with topical medication and good hygiene. Surgery is not usually necessary. Outcomes are nearly always positive.
Complications
Chronic inflammation can result in scarring and narrowing of the opening of the penis ( urethral stricture ). Chronic inflammation or infection can also make it difficult and painful to reposition the retracted foreskin to its normal position covering the head of the penis . Inflammation can also cause the retracted foreskin to swell, leading to constriction of the penis and possibly penile injury.
Calling your health care provider
Notify your health care provider if you are experiencing any signs of balanitis including swelling of the foreskin or pain.
Prevention
Good hygiene can prevent most cases of balanitis. During bathing, the foreskin should be retracted to adequately clean and dry the area beneath it.