Blepharospasm is the repetitive contraction of eyelid muscles in a rhythmic fashion. In some instances, the eyelid may repeatedly close or attempt to close.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The most common causes of muscle twitching in the eyelid are fatigue , stress , and caffeine. Once the spasms begin, they may continue intermittently for a day to more than a week, then disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it extremely annoying. It usually stops suddenly, without even noticing it.
More severe contractions with closure of the eyelid are thought to be caused by irritation of the surface of the eye (cornea), or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctival irritation). This type of eyelid twitching is common, especially in certain seasons. Another form of blepharospasm, lasts much longer, is very uncomfortable, and can close the eyelids completely.
Signs and tests
Examination by an ophthalmologist is indicated for severe spasms and lid closure, or spasms which last more than a couple days.
Treatment
The condition usually disappears without treatment. Increased sleep, decreased caffeine, and lubricating eye drops can help. If severe, small injections of Botulinum toxin can temporarily cure the spasms.
Support groups
Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Inc. 637 North 7th Street, Suite 102 P.O. Box 12468 Beaumont, TX 77726-2468 (409) 832-0788 www.blepharospasm.org
Expectations (prognosis)
Full resolution is expected within a few days.
Complications
Permanent eye injury from unrecognized cornea injury (rare) is possible.
Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider or eye doctor (ophthalmologist) if you experience eyelid twitching that does not go away in 1 week or twitching that involves the entire face.
Prevention
Most cases are not preventable.