Thrombocytopenia is a disorder in which the number of platelets (a type of blood cell) is abnormally low, sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Platelets are cells in the blood that help blood to clot. Thrombocytopenia refers to any disorder in which there are not enough platelets. These include:
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)Primary thrombocythemiaThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpuraDrug-induced immune thrombocytopeniaDrug-induced nonimmune thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia can also be associated with cancers of the blood and with disorders that cause bone marrow dysfunction.
Signs and tests
CBC shows low platelets bone marrow aspiration or biopsy may be normal or may show low megakaryocytes (platelet precursors) or an infiltrating disease.
PTT (coagulation studies) is normal PT (coagulation studies) is normal platelet associated antibodies may be present
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of the condition. In some cases, transfusion of platelets may be required to stop or prevent bleeding.
Expectations (prognosis)
The outcome depends on the disorder causing the low platelet counts.
Complications
hemorrhage GI bleeding ( vomiting blood or blood in the stools )
intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
Calling your health care provider
Call your healthcare provider if you experience unexplained bleeding or bruising.
Prevention
Prevention depends on the specific cause.