An inflammation of the thyroid gland which is characterized by transient hyperthyroidism, followed by hypothyroidism and then recovery.
Alternative Names
Lymphocytic thyroiditis; Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The cause of this type of thyroiditis is unknown. The thyroid gland becomes infiltrated with lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). The disease affects women more commonly than men and usually develops between 13 and 80 years old. The symptoms are those of hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland) and may last for 3 months or less. It occurs more frequently in females.
Signs and tests
A physical examination reveals an enlarged thyroid gland. The pulse (heart rate) may be rapid and the hands may shake.
Radioactive iodine uptake is decreased. Serum T3 and T4 are elevated.
A thyroid biopsy shows infiltration with lymphocytes.
Treatment
Treatment is based on the symptoms the patient has. Beta-blockers (Propranolol and others) relieve the symptoms of rapid heart rate and excessive sweating . Generally, painless thyroiditis will resolve on its own in time.
Expectations (prognosis)
The disease is usually resolved within 1 year, with the acute phase ending in 3 months. Some people may develop hypothyroidism over time, so regular follow-up is recommended.
Calling your health care provider
Call your health care provider if symptoms of this disorder develop. If you have had this disease, regular follow-up is recommended to watch for the development of hypothyroidism .