Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach's ability to empty its contents is impaired, unrelated to obstruction.
Alternative Names
Gastroparesis diabeticorum; Delayed gastric emptying
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The cause is unknown, but disruption of nerve stimulation to the intestine may be responsible. The condition is a common complication of diabetes and can be a complication of some surgeries. Risk factors for gastroparesis include diabetes, systemic sclerosis , previous vagotomy, previous gastrectomy , visceral neuropathy, and use of anticholinergic medication.
Signs and tests
an isotope study showing gastroparesis
an upper GI series showing gastric retention
an EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy)
Treatment
Dietary management with small meals and soft foods (which should be well cooked and well chewed) may be of benefit. Medications seem to provide little long-term benefit. Metoclopramide and cholinergic medications can be used. Some cases respond to botulinum toxin ("botox") injection into the pylorus (outlet of the stomach). In some people, gastroenterostomy may be of benefit.
Expectations (prognosis)
Many treatments seem to provide only temporary benefit.
Complications
Persistent nausea and vomiting can cause electrolyte imbalances , dehydration , and malnutrition . Diabetics may have serious complications related to poor blood sugar control.
Calling your health care provider
Apply home treatment such as dietary management first and call your health care provider if symptoms persist or if there are signs of complications or new symptoms.