Ganglioneuroma is a usually-benign tumor of the peripheral nervous system.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Ganglioneuromas are rare tumors which occur in approximately 1 in 100,000 children. They most frequently arise in association with autonomic nerve cells, which may be in any part of the body. Ganglioneuromas most frequently occur in people between age 10 and 40. They are slow growing masses and may secrete neurochemicals or hormones. Most commonly, they are asymptomatic and discovered in the course of a normal exam or during treatment for some other condition. Though there are no known risk factors, some reports suggests that they may be associated with some genetic problems, for instance, "neurofibromatosis type 1."

Signs and tests

The best test to identify this tumor is with imaging techniques (which provide pictures of the tissues), such as CAT scans (special type of X-rays) or MRI scans (which uses a big magnet to generate pictures) of the area in question. To determine if the tumor can produce certain substances in excess (mostly hormones), blood and urine tests to detect those substances may be done. Ultimately, a biopsy or complete removal of the tumor may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment involves the removal of the tumor by surgery (if it is symptomatic).

Expectations (prognosis)

Prognosis is usually good because this tumor is generally benign. Rarely, they may become malignant and metastasize (spread) or recur.

Complications

Complications may occur as a result of surgery. If the tumor has been present for a long time and is causing symptoms (such as spinal cord compression), removal of the tumor may not necessarily reverse the deficits.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you or your child experiences any of the above symptoms which may be caused by this type of tumor.