Milia are superficial inclusion cysts in the skin or mucous membranes.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Milia occur when dead, normally sloughed skin is trapped in small, very superficial, cystic structures in the skin or mucous membrane . Milia are seen frequently in newborn infants and appears as pearly white bumps ( papules ), most commonly across the upper cheeks, nose, and chin. Irritation of the skin by rough sheets or clothing may cause mild reddening around the papule , but the central portion remains white. Irritated milia are sometimes incorrectly referred to as "baby acne " (although it is not actually a form of acne). As the surface of the white pearly papule wears away, the trapped dead skin is lost, and the papule disappears. Milia generally disappear after the first several weeks of life. This same type of cystic structure is seen on the gums and soft palate of newborn infants. In the mucous membranes, they are called Epstein's pearls. These lesions also disappear spontaneously.

Signs and tests

Examination of the skin is usually sufficient to diagnose milia. No testing is necessary.

Treatment

No treatment is indicated.

Expectations (prognosis)

Lesions disappear spontaneously without treatment and without any residual defect.

Complications

There are usually no complications.

Calling your health care provider

If you are concerned about milia, discuss it with your health care provider during a routine well-baby examination .

Prevention

There is no known prevention.