An inflammation (irritation) of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the wall of the abdomen and covers the abdominal organs.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Types of peritonitis include:
Peritonitis - spontaneousPeritonitis - secondaryPeritonitis - dialysis associatedIntraabdominal abscess ( abdominal abscess ). This condition involves a collection of pus in the abdomen and may cause peritonitis. Before peritonitis develops, it can still cause symptoms that are similar or identical to peritonitis.
Signs and tests
Examination of the abdomen typically shows tenderness. The abdomen may feel firm and "board-like" and there may be extensive "guarding" (protective movements such as curling up or refusal to allow the abdomen to be touched). Blood tests and X-rays or CT scans may be ordered.
Treatment
The cause must be identified and treated promptly. Treatment typically involves surgery and antibiotics. In cases associated with peritoneal dialysis, antibiotics may be infused through the dialysis catheter, but if the infection is severe, the catheter itself must often be removed.
Expectations (prognosis)
The outcome is often good with treatment, but can be poor without treatment. Sometimes the outcome is poor even with prompt and adequate treatment.
Complications
Peritonitis can be life-threatening and cause a number of different complications, depending on the type.
Calling your health care provider
Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symptoms that may indicate peritonitis, as it is a medical emergency.
Prevention
Prevention depends on the cause. See the specific types of peritonitis.