Inflammation of the lining of the sheath that surrounds a tendon, the cord that joins muscle to bone.

Alternative Names

Synovitis

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The synovium is a lining of the protective sheath that covers tendons. The condition of tenosynovitis is defined by inflammation of the tendon and the sheath. The cause of the inflammation may be unknown, or it may result from injury, overuse, strain , or infection. The wrists, hands, and shoulder are areas that may be affected, although it may occur at any tendon site. When the wrist is affected, it may cause carpal tunnel syndrome .

Signs and tests

A physical examination shows swelling over the involved tendon and pain when the tendon is touched, stretched, or the muscle to which the tendon is attached is used.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Rest or immobilization of the affected tendons is essential for recovery. Splinting, or a removable brace may achieve this. The application of heat or cold to the affected area will reduce the pain and inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) relieve pain in addition to reducing inflammation. Local injections of corticosteroids may be useful. Rarely, surgical release of the tendon is required. If the condition is caused by infection, antibiotics will be prescribed. In some cases, an operation to release the pus around the tendon may be indicated. After recovery, strengthening exercises involving the muscles surrounding the affected tendon may prevent recurrence of the injury.

Expectations (prognosis)

The probable outcome is full recovery with treatment, but recurrences may happen if the condition is caused by overuse, and the offending activity is not stopped. In chronic conditions, the tendon may be damaged and recovery may be delayed or incomplete.

Complications

If untreated, permanent restriction of the tendon or tendon rupture may result.

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if there is pain or difficulty straightening a joint or extremity .

Prevention