The turning out of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the inner surface is exposed.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Ectropion is usually caused by the aging process and the weakening of the eyelid connective tissue causing the lid to turn out. It can also be caused by contraction of scar tissue from burns , or from facial palsy , and rarely may occur as a congenital defect. Paralysis of the facial nerve (facial palsy) is usually not associated with other diseases, but may follow injury or stroke. Ectropion interferes with normal distribution of tears on the surface of the eye and may result in chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis. Ectropion can be seen in children with Down's syndrome due to a congenital malformation of the lids.

Signs and tests

A physical examination of the eye and lids confirms the diagnosis. No special tests are usually necessary.

Treatment

Artificial tears (a lubricant) may provide relief from dryness and keep the cornea lubricated. Surgery to tighten the muscles that hold the eyelids in place is effective and can usually be performed as outpatient surgery with local anesthetic.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome is expected to be good with treatment.

Complications

Corneal dryness and irritation may predispose the patient to eye infections or corneal abrasions or corneal ulcers .

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms develop (to check for corneal abrasions or corneal ulcers ). Corneal ulcer is vision threatening. Rapidly increasing redness, pain, light sensitivity, or decreasing vision should be considered an emergency in a person with ectropion.

Prevention

Most cases are not preventable. Use of artificial tears or lubricating ointments may prevent corneal complications.